How it works, both positive and negative consequences of such treatment. The most common and familiar to all means of dealing with winter icy roads is a common sand. However, the reagent in pure form, it can not be named, most effective material for anti-icing, but in a mixture with at least the same salt get a good CP. Use a mixture of sand and the salt started with 60 of the last century. The cheapest way to deal with icy roads. However, not without flaws. Sand accumulated over the winter in large numbers, turning the streets into a dirty mess, and in the spring of all this washed into the drainage system, tightly clogging drains.

For zone dispatching systems can be considered ideal to obtain data on the location of a moving object to once per minute. System for remote maintenance require greater frequency of updates information. Methods for determining the location used in avl systems, according to the ccir classification can be divided into three main categories: methods of approximation (which in the Soviet literature also called areal methods), methods of dead reckoning and methods for determining the location of radio frequency. The following are the features of the equipment and positioning systems that can realistically be used in modern conditions.